Corporate Social Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Corporate Social - Essay Example This paper discusses the importance of CSR strategy for the organisations and the challenges faced by organisations when they implement such a strategy. The corporate social responsibility strategy is important for the organisations as this strategy takes into consideration the acceptability of the organisation by the consumers of the particular region. This strategy has to take into consideration the corporate governance factors; this strategy ensures that the organisation is conducting its operations in a responsible ways and will be accountable for all its business activities that are impacting the environment (Brooks, Williams, and Thomas, 2004). Implementing a corporate social responsibility strategy in the organisation is a strategic issue. This is so because this strategy allows organisations to conduct their business by maintaining strong and cordial relationship with their stakeholders and the community (Hemingway and Maclagan, 2004). The customers are important for the success of the organisation, when customers have in mind that the organisation is a socially responsible organisation, the reputation of the organisation further improves and so does the customer base. This positive image proves to be useful for the organisation in the long term. If organisations do not consider the community and their business operations harm the community then there stands a high chance of business failure in that community. Customers may get the message that this particular organisation is not concerned with the welfare and wellbeing of the people (Levy, 2007). Any negative message transmitted to the consumers by any business activity will cause the organisation to face heavy consequences. Therefore, keeping in view the shareholders and the community is important for organisation’s success. The shareholders or the organisation, the valuable customers and the workforce of the organisation, all these elements have expectations with the business and

Changes in Prisons in Twentieth Century in Britain Essay Example for Free

Changes in Prisons in Twentieth Century in Britain Essay In 20th century a lot of important changes was made in Britain prison system. A lot of crucial moves in this matter were made, which made changes to the system, and create the current system in prisons. A lot of reports and changes plans were made in this crucial for the matter period. The beginning for this period was made in 1895 with Gladstone report, which was highly critical of the current penal policy. It criticised existing regimes for crushing self respect and starving all moral instinct. The report argued that reformation should coexist with deterrence and that rehabilitation should be given priority. Victorians focused upon repression and punishment. They used inflexible and punitive methods of control. Gladstone felt these should be replaced with more scientific methods of treatment. In addition, prison commissioners for the first time in 1898, defined the purpose of prison as the humanisation of the individual1. Sir Evelyn Ruggles-Brise insisted that each man convicted of crime is to be regarded as an individual, as a separate entity of morality, who by the application of influences, of discipline, labour, education, moral and religious, backed up on discharge by a well organised system of patronage is capable of reinstatement in civic life2. Weiner (1990) stated, It is now recognised that primitive measures alone are not corrective, and effective reformation of criminals can only be attained by making our prisons true schools and moral hospitals. Forsythe (1991) argues that new projects often fell short of the claims made for them. He says that in particular, the local and convict prisons clung tenaciously to the concepts of measured punishment, moral culpability, limited deterrence and uniformly administered discipline. It is a fact that the process of reform was often slow and not al all easy to perceive. From 1900 onwards a number of radical changes were made to the standard prison regime: 1) Unproductive labour was officially abandoned and replaced by prison industries and work considered useful, 2) The separate system was gradually eroded, allowing prisoners to work in association, 3) Education was increased and improved, 4) Internal discipline was maintained through a reward/punishment system related to the introduction of remission, 5) Specialists such as psychologists were appointed, 6) Prisoner categorisation was extended, 7) The Borstal system was introduced for juveniles, 8) A commitment to reformation became enshrined in the Prison Rule that stipulated that the purpose of imprisonment was to encourage prisoners to lead a good and useful life3, 9) During the 1930s the treadmill and arrows on convict uniforms were abolished. According to Garland (1985) the most radical reforms of this era took place outside of the prison system: 1) The introduction of the probation service, 2) Alternatives to custody emerged, 3) Construction of specialist institutions4. Garland views these major transformations as the beginnings of our current practice. Garland prefers to talk of developments in a whole realm of penality rather than prison reform5. Additionally, in 1908 Borstals6 were put on a statutory footing implemented by Herbert Gladstone. The name Borstal comes from the village in Kent where the first Borstal scheme got its first full-scale trial. Borstals took English public schools as their model and their sentences were indeterminate. Criminals aged between 16 21 could be sent to Borstal for between one and three years. The prison Commission could release on licence at any time after six months (or three months for girls) and could also recall for misbehaviour. Borstal faltered after 1945 really because success rates were measured by reconviction rates. 1982 the administration of Margaret Thatcher formally abolished the Borstal and replaced it with the Youth Custody Centre with determinate sentences of imprisonment. Paterson7 replaced military type training with delegated authority and encouragement of personal responsibility. Staffs wore civilian clothing and were encouraged to get to know the lads personally considered revolutionary in the 1920s. The Borstal notion of training prisoners through personal relations, trust and responsibility gradually had an impact on the prison system as a whole. Two borstal elements were transplanted into the adult system with long lasting effects: 1. 1936 the first minimum-security (open) prison was established at New Hall, near Wakefield. 2. The housemaster was renamed assistant governor. The post war developments where about the Easier bail, Probation, Time to pay fines, a reduction in time to be served for a partial payment of fines, Reformatories for juveniles, Curtailment of imprisonment for debt and, More facilities for the insane and for habitual drunkards. In 1928 the then Home Secretary had described Dartmoor convict prison as the cesspool of English humanity I suppose there must be some residuum which no training or help will ever improve8. Furthermore in 1948 Paterson and his colleagues framed Criminal justice Act. This was a highly influential piece of legislation. Borstal had represented the opposite view and resurrected the possibility of reformatory prison. Borstals and Detention Centres began to lose favour: neither for deterrence or reform was the short sentence acceptable. This is one of the elements in the English prison-crowding crisis which became acute in the 1970s and 1980s and with which the country is still wrestling. Deterrence Youth prisons known as Detention Centres were intended to subject boys (and half-heartedly, girls) who were thought to be on the verge of a custodial career to a last chance short, sharp, shock. Separate institutions for pre trial prisoners were planned but never created: these would be custodial but non-penal institutions. Due to the war, there were no funds and little sympathy for unconvinced detainees. McConville states that thick skins and short purses ever since have ensured that English pre trial prisoners were treated worse than they were for virtually all of Victorias reign and much worse than their fellows who were convicted and sentenced. The 1960s and early 1970s are seen as the beginning of the crisis years with British prisons. At last we can refer to System of Concentration. Mountbatten referred to the obvious advantages of an island prison holding all prisoners who posed a threat. A new prison was to be built on the Isle of Wight. This was rejected and the dispersal system became the preferred way of housing inmates. Since early 1966 new measurements of security have been implemented in selected prisons. Between 1969 and 1979 the prison service went through a number of riots. 70s and 80s dogged with accusations of brutality and violence directed at prisoners from the prison staff. Serious disturbances and riots had occurred in maximum-security prisons, which had led to reprisals against prisoners. British riots occurred within the new dispersal system: Parkhurst 1969, Albany 1971 1972, Gartree 1972, Hull 1976, and Gartree 1978. Hull riot will go down in history, as it was the prison staff who were ultimately tried and convicted. Special control units were introduced after the Gartree riot of 1972 for troublemakers over and above the existing segregation units. 1970s represent the years when reform and treatment had dwindled away and the whole prison system ran on the notion that nothing works. By 1978 both the courts and the prisons were in danger of serious collapse. Industrial relations were poor with prison staff. May Committee 1979 reported as a response to the previous troubled decade. They explored the issues of what the aim of imprisonment was; they agreed that the rhetoric of treatment and training had had its day. Finally, King and Morgan proposed the term humane containment: 1. Minimum use of custody 2. Minimum use of security 3. Normalisation. The current organisation of the prison system is heavily influenced by past practice. This has shaped the system that we now have today. So, it is difficult to assess progress of 20th Century. Harsh and punitive experience of prison overrides any idea of progressive treatment. Biggest rises can be seen from 1974 onwards. It is a fact that this matter is very important and serious for the society and has to be developed according to the needs of the society according to its progress at times. BIBLIOGRAPHY: 1. Goffman, E. (1961) Asylums, Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates. Harmondsworth 2. Jones, K. (1993) Asylums and After: A Revised History of the Mental Health Services from the Early Eighteenth Century to the 1990s. 3. Morris, N and Rothman, D.J (eds). (1995) The Oxford History of the Prison. Oxford University Press. 4. Porter, R. (2002) Madness: A Brief History. Oxford University Press. 1 Weiner, 1990. 2 Ruggles-Brise quoted in Garland 1985. 3 Prison Rule 6 in 1949 but Prison Rule 1 since 1964. 4 such as Borstal where principles of rehabilitation were initiated. 5 the prison was decentred, shifted from its position as the central and predominant sanction to become one institution among many in an extended grid of penal sanctions. Of course it continued to be of major importance, but it was now deployed in a different manner, for a narrower section of the criminal population and often as a back up sanction for other institutions, rather than a place of first resort. 6 The Borstal System. 7 Alexander Paterson. 8 Sir William Joynson-Hicks.

Medical Malpractice :: Medicine Lawsuits Canada Health Care

Medical Malpractice The doctor-patient relationship has been defined differently through the years. In the beginning it developed into a "common calling" which meant doctors practiced medicine as a duty to their patients. Laws were developed to protect patients, therefore doctors used proper care and expert skill. In the past six centuries, medical malpractice has increased, which lead to revision and addition to the law. Liability was introduced along with the "GIANT of all torts", negligence. Now in today's society, a doctor's duty is to use reasonable care, skill and judgment in the practice of his/her profession and when negligent, take full responsibility. What is malpractice? Malpractice is negligence. Negligence is a tort. A tort is a civil wrong, therefore malpractice is a civil wrong. In its simplest terms, malpractice has four essential elements: 1) Duty. Every health care provider assumes a duty when starting consultations, diagnosis, or treatment of a patient. The duty arises from an expressed or implied contract. 2) Breach. For example, if you fail to make a correct diagnosis once you have assumed the duty to do so, you have created a "breach of duty", due and owing to the patient. 3) Causal Connection. Your failure to correctly diagnose, ("duty" you "breached") the duty due and owing to the patient and as a direct and proximate cause of your breach, caused damages. 4) Damages. The result of your failure to diagnose correctly, the patient sustained damages in the form of an additional hospital stay, complications that may or may not be of a permanent and continuing nature. (Brooten Jr., Kenneth E. p. 1) Negligence is the most common civil suit filed against doctors. Liability for negligence will not be found unless the following factors are present: (a) the defendant must owe a duty to the plaintiff to exercise care; (b) the defendant must breach the standard of care established by law for his/her conduct; (c) the plaintiff must suffer loss or injury as a result of this breach; (d) the conduct of the defendant must be the "proximate cause" of the plaintiff's loss or injury. ( Picard, Ellen I. p. 29) In the case of Adderly v. Bremner (Picard, Ellen I. p. 461) the defendant physician was negligent in not changing the syringes to vaccinate 38 patients and instead used one needle for every two patients. As a consequence, the plaintiff was infected with septicemia (blood poisoning). This doctor failed to give the required standard of care. Any reasonable doctor would have in fact changed the syringe after each patient and would have foreseen the consequences for not changing them.

Abortion and Ethics Essay -- Life Pregnancy Fetus Papers

Abortion and Ethics According to the Websterà ¢s New World Dictionary, the first definition of abortion is the spontaneous act in which the body expels an embryo or fetus before it is able to survive, miscarriage (Neufeldt & Guralnik, 4). Yet others define abortion as à £the termination of a pregnancy with resulting death of the human fetus,à ¤ relating more to the planned procedures to produce this specific response (Ashley & Oà ¢Rourke, 141). In our society we have taken on this second view of the meaning, rather than abortion being a spontaneous act, it is a deliberate procedure sought by the mother that removes an embryo or fetus. This deliberate act has arisen throughout a controversial history. Before the procedures were made legal, women used many primitive methods. Some of these methods include jumping from great heights, having others jump on the pregnant womanà ¢s abdomen, ingestion of toxic substances, and the use of invasive probes such as sticks, knitting needles, or wire hangers (Callahan, 252). Although these primitive procedures might result in an abortion, they were unsafe for the women who endured them. Abortion in the United States was illegal until the early 1970s. Once legalized, abortions were localized to the coastal densely populated cities, such as in the states California and New York. Abortion was legalized nation wide on January 22, 1973 due to the efforts the key court cases of Roe v. Wade, and Doe v. Botton. Roe was an unmarried woman from Texas that wanted to challenge the abortion laws because she herself wanted to have the procedure to relieve the unborn child she carried. The second case, Doe v. Botton had a different outlook on the justification for abortion. Doe, a married... ...cities.com/ourlady_dal/abortion2.htm Knight, James, Joan Callahan. Preventing Birth: Contemporary Methods and Related Moral Controversies. University of Utah Press: Salt Lake City, 1989. Kushner, Thomasine, David C. Thomasma. Birth to Death. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 1996. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institutes of Health. 26 Nov. 2002. http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorders/taysachs_doc.htm Neufeldt, Victoria, David B. Guralnik. Webster's New World Dictionary 3rd ed. Prentice Hall/Macmillan Company: New York, 1994. Robinson. 26 Nov. 2002. http://www.religioustolerance.org/abortion.htm Shannon, Thomas. Bioethics, 3rd edition. Paulist Press: Mahwah, 1987. The Abortion Law Homepage. 26 Nov. 2002. http://members.aol.com/abtrbng/pbal.htm

Organisation and Management Essay

Today I will discuss about the different organisational roles at ANZ bank. The report will cover whole the process which are done daily by the organisation to maintain their position and to fulfil the needs of customers. I will elaborate the purpose of organisation and the roles of management for e. g. informational, decisional, and interpersonal. There are various types of professional skills which are used in daily management. It will include the process of task focus and efficiency and effectiveness of the organisation. Moreover I will show different functions of internal and external factors which are related to the people and system We will discuss today about the change management framework that how it effects the entire organisation about ANZ bank New Zealand ANZ New Zealand is New Zealand’s largest financial services group and is a subsidiary of Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited of Australia. ANZ New Zealand operates until 2012 under the legal entity ANZ National Bank Limited which was formed as part of the 2003 merger of ANZ and The National Bank of New Zealand. From late October 2012, the company was renamed ANZ Bank New Zealand as part of the merger of the ANZ and National Bank brands. ANZ New Zealand operates under a variety of different brands, such as ANZ, UDC Finance, EFTPOS New Zealand, Bonus Bonds and Direct Broking. It provides number financial services, including banking services, asset finance, investments and payment solutions. Purpose of Organisation and Role Management The purpose of ANZ bank is to providing finance which is involved in borrowing and lending money. Bank takes customers funds in return for an annual interest on their payments. Then bank use majority of this fund to lend other customers for a variety of loans. The difference between both interest rates is effectively the profit margin for bank. Bank also provides other facilities to consumers, such as instant access to cash advice on financial matters and methods to make international payments. Increasingly banks offer electronic transfer of money through systems. Bank provides Lending varies from unsecured personal loans to secured mortgage lending. Unsecured lending tends to be at a higher interest rate because of the risk factor. Secured mortgage lending is at a lower rate. Role of informational organisation in management Information management is used in organisations. Yet information is applied by individuals in those organisations. The counter point between the organisation and their individual members has particular same to information management because of its responsibilities to both the organisation at one level and to individuals at second level. This counterpoint means that we need to consider both the organisation and its members in information terms as a beginning level point for developing strategies for useful information management in small and medium size enterprises. The purpose of the paper is to develop some general view points for effective information management. Technical skills of management The skill is to apply expert knowledge or capability. All jobs want some specific expertise, and many people build up their technical skills on the work. Vocational and on the job tuition programs can be used to enlarge this type of talent. Human skills This is the capacity to work with, appreciate and inspire other people (both independently and a group). This requires kindliness towards others issues and concerns. People, who are talented in technical skill, but not with interpersonal skills, may face hard to manage their subordinates, To obtain the Human Skill, it is relevant to distinguish the feelings and sentiments of others, ability to motivate others even in difficult situation, and communicate own opinion to others in a positive and inspiring method. Conceptual skill This is a capacity to essentially analyze, diagnose a condition and forward a realistic solution. It requires creative idea, generating options and choosing the best available choice. A mark of a good leader is to be able to provide steady motivation to his team cheering them to attain excellence and quality in their performance. A good leader is always looking for ways to get better production and standards. Here are five management skills you can develop as a leader in working to create a quality effective team. 1. Observation his is an important part that often gets mistreated due the demand on a leader’s time and plan. Observation and regular visits to the job environment are a priority and should be scheduled into the chart. Observing workers at work, the procedures, interaction and work course is foundational to implementing adjustments to get better results. To have credibility, a leader desires to be seen and be known to be up to date with what is occurrence in the wor k place. 2. Monitor Employee Performance Employee performance needs to be monitored in normally accepted ways. Policies and procedures need to be comprehensible. Conferencing should be on a normal base and not just when there is a dilemma. Assessments and evaluations should not be only all requests or viewed a needed official procedure to be done and filed away. Individual and group firm decisions, joint with the eagerness and flexibility to get used to and alter decisions when needed, create liberty in the leadership conferencing should be undertaken not only to manager concert, but with the hope of ongoing specialized growth and support. There should be normal support and reasonable criteria for in progress goals both for the group and person. . Implementation of Professional Development Programs A good boss evaluates weaknesses and provides tuition and growth strategies to build up the weaker skills in the group. Demonstrates Working Knowledge and Expertise Good leadership comes from a position of strong information and knowledge of the manufacture and process leading to grades. If a leader does not have all the skill and information individually, then regular consultations with experts concerned in the departments should be assumed. This is vital in order to retain an perfect and knowledgeable overall image. . Good Decision Making Good leadership is categorized by the ability to make superior decisions. A leader considers all the similar factors before making a decision. Clear. Management philosophies and management practices The idea that customers won’t afford enough of the organisations products unless the organisation undertakes a large selling and promotion effort. Achieving organisational goals depends on the needs and wants of its focused market and delivering the desired satisfaction very effectively and efficiently than competitors.

What To The Slave Is The Fourth Of July Example

What To The Slave Is The Fourth Of July Example What To The Slave Is The Fourth Of July – Article Example Frederick Douglass Who was Frederick Douglass and where did he come from? Fredric Douglas was an American sman, social reformer, and a He was a slave, born in Talbot County, Maryland around 1818. His exact birth year and date are not particularly clear. He was also a revolutionist leader and went on to become one of the most famous intellectuals of his time. His writings are autobiographies that describe his experiences with slavery.2) Discuss Douglas’s use of verbal irony in his introduction?He talks of exercising his limited powers of speech. It is ironic since he is famous for his powerful and inspiring speeches. He is a famous and recognized speech giver, and therefore the issue of limited powers of speech is ironic. He also talks of little experience in addressing the public, which is not true.3) Identify several passages where Douglas’s appeals to values he assumes the audience shares with him. What values associated with the fight for independence does he use to argue for the abolition of slavery?In the fourth paragraph, he talks of the valve of being and truthful. He talks of this value being the direction giver to the destiny of the nation as it should to the whole of humanity. Man should be just to each other the same way the country should be just to its people. In the seventh paragraph, he also talks of the value of sovereignty. Just as, the fore fathers who fought for independence wanted to be free and sovereign, the slaves wanted the same. The slaves, just like the fore fathers pronounce their disgust for oppression. All the slaves want just as the people who fought for independence is their freedom.4) In what ways does Douglass draw upon the principles stated in the declaration of independence to validate his argument?The principle of equality, borrowed by Douglas to illustrate how people feel when the government unjustly treats them, illustrates the slaves’ feelings. In this case, the slaves feel harshly and justly treated b y the masters. They are treated with sovereign indifference, coldness, and scorn. Oppression makes wise men mad, as Douglass states. If not, they become resistive to their treatment. Man just wants to be independent just as the principle of independence in the declaration of independence.5) Douglass admits feeling anger towards some members of his audience. How does he express his anger? Is his anger justified? How would you feel if you were sitting in this audience?While giving his speech, Douglas says that some of his audience does not uphold the virtues of their fathers. He says he admires the actions of the brave men who fought for independence. However, the same values they fought to defend are not upheld. He is justified, as this is true. Slaves are treated the same way the Americans were treated when under a colony. If I was sitting in the audience, I would feel challenged.6) In your own words what is the thesis of Douglass speech?Douglass speech intends to invoke emotions th at would compel people into denouncing slavery. Moreover, the speeches intend to encourage the slaves into embracing a sense of freedom. ReferencesDouglass, F. (1852). What to the Slave is the Fourth of July? July 5, 1852

Free Essays on How Newspapers Are Dealing With The Trend Toward Online Journalism

How Newspapers are dealing with the trend in Online Journalism The emergence of the Internet as a medium for mass communication in the mid 1990’s caught the majority of newspapers off guard. The area of print journalism was filled with an air of complacency and a feeling of comfort stemming from their position as the â€Å"only game in town.† When the reality of the information super-highway hit, many newspapers were flustered to find an avenue to keep up with the quick developing internet information network. (Moses, â€Å"Houston we have a Solution†) Print journalism advertising revenues took the majority of the losses sustained by the publics interest in the Internet, more directly classified advertising of employment, automobile sales and real estate. A 1998 Newspaper Association of America Study found 19% of all recent homebuyers used the Internet as their main source of information. (Carlson, â€Å"Nibbling on Newspapers†) Job seeker sites such as, Monster.com have taken the biggest chunk out of newspaper-classified revenue and hence waged an unexpected battle with the publishers of newspapers around the world for the almighty advertising dollar. The New York Times Company, Times Mirror and the Times Tribune Company have joined together to form Careerpath.com to bring the battle to the home of online foes. (Carlson, â€Å"nibbling†) The newspaper industry has also responded to the Internet threat by joining the numerous other news sources in putting their information on the net via their very own online publications. Newspapers, armed with the knowledge that over 85% of adults look at a newspaper in the span of a week, broadened their horizons with online publications meant to satisfy the needs of the computer savvy or on the go reader. (Case, â€Å"The Last Mass Medium†) Web designers are an important part of today’s news organizations just as staff reporters. While at one time graphics specialists were called upon ... Free Essays on How Newspapers Are Dealing With The Trend Toward Online Journalism Free Essays on How Newspapers Are Dealing With The Trend Toward Online Journalism How Newspapers are dealing with the trend in Online Journalism The emergence of the Internet as a medium for mass communication in the mid 1990’s caught the majority of newspapers off guard. The area of print journalism was filled with an air of complacency and a feeling of comfort stemming from their position as the â€Å"only game in town.† When the reality of the information super-highway hit, many newspapers were flustered to find an avenue to keep up with the quick developing internet information network. (Moses, â€Å"Houston we have a Solution†) Print journalism advertising revenues took the majority of the losses sustained by the publics interest in the Internet, more directly classified advertising of employment, automobile sales and real estate. A 1998 Newspaper Association of America Study found 19% of all recent homebuyers used the Internet as their main source of information. (Carlson, â€Å"Nibbling on Newspapers†) Job seeker sites such as, Monster.com have taken the biggest chunk out of newspaper-classified revenue and hence waged an unexpected battle with the publishers of newspapers around the world for the almighty advertising dollar. The New York Times Company, Times Mirror and the Times Tribune Company have joined together to form Careerpath.com to bring the battle to the home of online foes. (Carlson, â€Å"nibbling†) The newspaper industry has also responded to the Internet threat by joining the numerous other news sources in putting their information on the net via their very own online publications. Newspapers, armed with the knowledge that over 85% of adults look at a newspaper in the span of a week, broadened their horizons with online publications meant to satisfy the needs of the computer savvy or on the go reader. (Case, â€Å"The Last Mass Medium†) Web designers are an important part of today’s news organizations just as staff reporters. While at one time graphics specialists were called upon ...

Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, 20th-Century Design Pioneer

Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, 20th-Century Design Pioneer Laszlo Moholy-Nagy (born Laszlo Weisz; July 20, 1895 - November 24, 1946) was a Hungarian-American artist, theorist, and educator who strongly influenced the aesthetic development of industrial design. He taught at Germanys famed Bauhaus school and was a founding father of the institution that became the School of Design at the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago. Fast Facts: Laszlo Moholy-Nagy Occupation: Painter, photographer, filmmaker, industrial designer, and educatorBorn: July 20, 1895 in Bacsborsod, HungaryDied: November 24, 1946 in Chicago, IllinoisSpouses: Lucia Schulz (divorced 1929), Sibylle PietzschChildren: Hattula and ClaudiaSelected Works: Collage with Black Centre (1922), A 19 (1927), Light Space Modulator (1930)Notable Quote: Designing is not a profession but an attitude. Early Life, Education, and Military Career Born in Hungary as part of the Weisz Jewish family, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy grew up with his mother as a single parent when his father abandoned the family of three sons. She was a second cousin of noted classical music conductor Sir Georg Solti. Moholy-Nagys maternal uncle, Gusztav Nagy, supported the family, and the young Laszlo took the Nagy name as his own. He later added Moholy in recognition of the town Mohol, now part of Serbia, where he spent much of his early life. The young Laszlo Moholy-Nagy originally wanted to be a poet and published some pieces in local newspapers. He also studied law, but service in the Austro-Hungarian military during World War I changed the direction of his life. Moholy-Nagy documented his service with sketches and watercolors. Upon discharge, he began attending the art school of Hungarian Fauve artist Robert Bereny. Collage with Black Centre (1922). Heritage Images / Getty Images German Career German architect Walter Gropius invited Moholy-Nagy to teach at his famed Bauhaus school in 1923. He taught the foundation course with Josef Albers and also replaced Paul Klee as Head of the metal workshop. Moholy-Nagys ascendancy marked the end of the schools association with expressionism and movement in the direction of industrial design. While he considered himself primarily a painter, Moholy-Nagy was also a pioneer experimenting with photography and film. In the 1920s at Bauhaus, he created abstract paintings influenced by dadaism and Russian constructivism. The impact of Piet Mondrians De Stijl work is also apparent. Some of Moholy-Nagys collages demonstrated influences from Kurt Schwitters. In photography, he experimented with photograms, exposing photo-sensitive paper directly to light. His films explored light and shadows like much of the rest of his art. By combining words with photography in what he called Typophotos, Moholy-Nagy created a new way of looking at the potential of advertising in the 1920s. Commercial designers adopted his approach in ways that resonate today. Light Space Modulator (1930). Sean Gallup / Getty Images In 1928, while under political pressure, Moholy-Nagy resigned from the Bauhaus. He established his own design studio in Berlin and separated from his wife, Lucia. One of his key works of the early 1930s was the Light Space Modulator. It is a kinetic sculpture using reflective metal and recently invented Plexiglas. Standing almost five feet tall, the object was initially intended for use in theaters to create light effects, but it functions as an art piece on its own. He created a film called Light Play Black-White-Grey to show what his new machine could do. Moholy-Nagy continued to develop variations on the piece throughout his career. American Career in Chicago In 1937, with a recommendation from Walter Gropius, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy left Nazi Germany for the U.S. to direct the New Bauhaus in Chicago. Unfortunately, after only a single year of operation, the New Bauhaus lost its financial backing and closed. A 19 (1927). Sailko / Wikimedia Commons / Creative Commons 3.0 With support from ongoing benefactors, Moholy-Nagy opened the School of Design in Chicago in 1939. Both Walter Gropius and celebrated American education philosopher John Dewey served on the board. It later became the Institute of Design, and in 1949 became a part of the Illinois Institute of Technology, the first higher education institution in the U.S. to offer a Ph.D. in design. Some of Moholy-Nagys later career work involved creating transparent sculptures by painting, heating, and then shaping pieces of Plexiglas. The resulting pieces often appear playful and spontaneous compared with the artists industrial-influenced work. After receiving a leukemia diagnosis in 1945, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy became a naturalized U.S. citizen. He continued to work and teach until his death from leukemia on November 24, 1946. A II (1924). Sailko / Wikimedia Commons / Creative Commons 3.0 Legacy Laszlo Moholy-Nagy impacted a broad array of disciplines, including industrial design, painting, photography, sculpture, and film. He helped bring modern aesthetics to the industrial world. With his combination of typography and photography in collage work, Moholy-Nagy is considered one of the founders of modern graphic design. Source Tsai, Joyce. Laszlo Moholy-Nagy: Painting after Photography. University of California Press, 2018.

The Accumulation Of Plastics In The World's 5 Gyres And How It Can Be Essay

The Accumulation Of Plastics In The World's 5 Gyres And How It Can Be Stopped - Essay Example The scale of plastic contamination found in the ocean water is immense. Epic amount of plastic debris has been observed floating on the ocean water beginning from the polar areas to the equator zone. The only solution to the issue is to stop dumping plastic waste in to the sea and minimize the use of plastic by switching to other alternatives where ever possible so that least plastic waste is produced. The disposal of plastic is immensely a problematic issue since much of it have been accumulating in to the enormous islands in the oceans, or gyres that are further continuing to accumulate or disintegrate in to several tiny pieces due to which sea creatures and people consume these plastic debris as we eat the marine animals. It was shocking to get to know that there are five such gyres of plastic accumulate, which is extremely hazardous for both the marine and the land habitat. Numerous marine animals die every year due to the pollution in ocean as they either ingest or get entangled in marine debris that is the waste disposed by us in to the rivers, oceans and other water ways. A vast portion of this waste reaches the seas through the rivers. Almost 80 percent of the trash emanates from the landfills as well as from other urban sources. This waste then accumulates in gyres that are the areas of low winds and slow spiraling water along the coastlines. The fishes consume this waste, the sharks and other marine animals get entangled in it and the coral reefs get damaged by it. This immensely destroys the marine life. There exist five major ocean gyres in the entire world, which are namely: North Pacific Gyre, South Pacific Gyre, North Atlantic Gyre, South Atlantic Gyre and Indian Ocean Gyre. The sailors and the fishermen conventionally avoid these gyres since they are bereaved of wind and marine creatures. The North Pacific Gyre in the Pacific Ocean possess the largest portion of the plastic accumulate than the rest of the gyres. It is known as the Great Pacific Garbage Patch as it covers a massive area that is almost equal to the size of the Texas. The plastic debris extends to about 6 meters or 20 feet down in to the water column (Robards et al, 1997). It has been found that about 3.5 million tons of waste has been deposited to this area turning it in to a plastic island (Thiel et al, 2003). It has been estimated that this size would get double in the next 5 years (Thiel et al., 2003). According to the estimates by the researchers, there is about 6 kg or 13.2 pounds of plastic for every 1 kg or 2.2 pounds of plankton in this area (Moore, et al., 2001). Some researchers and scientists consider that the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a misnomer for the floating pile of disposed-waste that is located between the Hawaiian and Oregon islands suggesting that massive amount waste should be managed. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch basically indicates an environmental disaster for the oceans of the world that opens the eyes of the people of the wo rld towards the intense need for the conservation policies taking the oceans in to account. This patch of waste was created and continued to exist due to the ocean currents. Actually, this patch is not static in position as it sometimes drifts in to masses of land that have now appeared to resemble landfills. The patch moves with the zone of high pressure of air that is known as the North Pacific

Contemporary Issues for Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Contemporary Issues for Business - Essay Example Globalization has its own advantages and curses. With the help of globalization countries can share their surplus resources with the other countries. It creates a sense of unity in global arena. On the other hand globalization has its own negatives. Due to globalizations, countries which are having weak economy are significantly over dependent upon economically strong countries. Here in this case of Ukraine crisis, two economic super powers are fighting among each other and are imposing bans and trade sanctions. All these bans and trade sanctions have very serious consequences for the global fraternity. Economically weak countries which are highly dependent upon strong countries feel the pressure significantly. With the help of this essay economic consequences caused by the various trade sanctions related with Ukraine crisis will be evaluated. The essay will analyze all the critical factors in a detailed fashion. The above picture is indicating that, various nations across the world do high level business with Russia as far as the food and agricultural exports are concern. In fact the country which is taking some proactive measures to impose sanction upon Russia i.e. US also does almost $1.6 billion food and agricultural business with Russia. It means economies of all these countries are significantly dependent upon the export. So there is no shadow of doubt that there are high negative economic consequences on the above shown countries. Especially European Union is the highest exporter of food and agricultural products to Russia. Trade sanctions have most adverse economic consequences on the EU economy only. Due to all the trade sanctions EU and other nations as well are deprived of foreign currency. Generally EU exports almost â‚ ¬11.9bn agricultural products to Russia. The ban can reduce almost â‚ ¬5.3bn business. It

The Rocking-Horse Winner VS. Janus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Rocking-Horse Winner VS. Janus - Essay Example The lady portrayed in the story by Lawrence is Paul’s mother â€Å"Hester,† who finds her marriage to be unlucky as she is unable to cope up with the poor financial situation of her married life. She even feels that her children are a burden for her. The story opens with the line â€Å"woman who was beautiful, who started with all the advantages, yet she had no luck† (Lawrence). Hester is blessed with three children and her son Paul is shown as a strange character who after receiving the rocking horse gets a strange power, which helps him to predict the horse race winners correctly. He makes a good amount of money out of this and tries to help his mother so that she can pay off the debts. Instead of clearing the debts, she squanders the money for their stylish living. This shows that the lady has a sick desire for money. The story ends with the tragic death of Paul after falling from the horse. In Ann Beatties’s â€Å"Janus,† the protagonist’ s name is Andrea, and she is a successful real estate agent who believes in her lucky bowl. When she gets a buyer for the house, â€Å"she places the bowl in the house that was up for sale† (Beattie 595). This indicates that she was a blind believer of her luck, which she thought relied on the bowl. She credits her achievement to the bowl that is often also admired by the buyers. The story starts with the introduction of bowl – â€Å"The Bowl was perfect,† as the author puts it.

Information technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Information technology - Essay Example In hiring employees into an organization, the human resource department sets out a number of recruitment criteria. The employees hired in an organization are therefore determined to be the best for performing the specific roles. One key recruitment criteria of recruitment demanded by every human resource manager is relative knowledge relevant to the operations of the department. This is normally sought in the form of a college or university degree. However, after recruitment into the organization employees require effective orientation that is later followed by the requirement of on job training and the provision for continuous development. On job training and opportunities for development once in the company take the form periodic seminars and provision for study leaves. Such programs serve a number of functions in the realization of the organization’s objectives. Such programs motivate employees a factor that if implemented effectively results in highly motivated employees who in turn are very productive. Such opportunities make employees feel valued and acknowledged by their employer, they thus revamp their morale by increasing their out put level. Additionally, such programs retain employee relevance while at the organization. Knowledge changes and so are the means of production. To increase productivity, an organization needs to change its means of production and these may at times a change of the entire technology. A change in technology and means of production requires effective understanding of its operation. This therefore makes on job training and continuous development through studies more important. Some managers may prefer hiring newer employees with every new technology. While this may sound more effective, the cost of implementing such a policy may overwhelm the organization. Furthermore, it demoralizes employees thereby decreasing productivity. Commercial organizations exist in societies; this

The Federal Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 and Social Control Essay

The Federal Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 and Social Control - Essay Example By 1970s, however, both progressivism and populism lost their appeal as stand-alone policies (Vito & Allen, 1981). While progressives had failed to provide an alternative to indeterminate sentencing, populism was seen as something that negated the spirit of the law and it was declared that "Federal judges are not responsive to the pulsations of humanity." These themes dominated SRA for some time and culminated in the development of Federal sentencing Act of 1984 with one primary aim i.e. to be fair in the purposes of imprisonment.The US Congress played a slight and indirect role in federal sentencing for about a century or so by vesting into the sentencing judge an unbarred discretion to figure out the appropriate punishment from usually a diverse ambit of potential sentences as been described by law. This rendered the judge to be in total control of sentencing and it was up to the judge only to envisage various aspects of sentencing the relevant aggravating and mitigating circumstan ces and how these all factors jointly contributed to the commissioning of the sentence. The judicial sentences were virtually subject to no review on appeal. The underlying rationale of the whole exercise was based upon "coercive rehabilitation." That invariably involved judge deciding an extensive punishment of long duration and the parole board contemplating release on the grounds of adequate rehabilitation. That whole system relied heavily on the personal discretion of the judge without much accountability. This was naturally bound to criticism as with problems caused as a result of authority wielding undeterred personal discretion and seen largely as foot loose and fancy free scenario. Congress was acutely aware by 1970s of the growing unease among the general public and pervasive problems in the judicial system that were emanating due to the lack of well defined parameters in sentence commissioning. The disparity in the sentencing system lead to a thorough evaluation by Congres s in 1984 in which it was known that the whole system was in the dire need of reform and had lost the necessary credibility required to sustain the public confidence to serve as a sufficient deterrent to crime. It was concluded in that study the inconsistency and disparity in the sentencing system was due to the inadequate sentencing application by the judiciary. Congress took initiative to redress the problem by enacting the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984. The Sentencing Reform Act of 1984 is also commonly stated as SRA; it drew a comprehensive outline for restructuring of judicial sentencing discretion that essentially changed altogether the sentencing in the federal justice system. The SRA's prime objective was to overcome the chasm of sentencing disparity. The first step that Congress took was to reject the prevalent view of rehabilitation as the foremost goal of sentencing. It redefined the objectivity of sentence as retributive, educational, and deterrent (Howell, 2004). By enacting SRA Congress sought to bring the whole judicial process above board ultimately helping it regain the trust of masses important to discourage crime, revitalizing the system by modifying its dynamics, curbing over dependence on imprisonment and upholding the dignity and discretion of judges faculty. The important points(USSC, 1991) of SRA could be summarized as follow: 1. There should be a clear and comprehensive statement of sentencing of federal law along with

Information technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Information technology - Essay Example In hiring employees into an organization, the human resource department sets out a number of recruitment criteria. The employees hired in an organization are therefore determined to be the best for performing the specific roles. One key recruitment criteria of recruitment demanded by every human resource manager is relative knowledge relevant to the operations of the department. This is normally sought in the form of a college or university degree. However, after recruitment into the organization employees require effective orientation that is later followed by the requirement of on job training and the provision for continuous development. On job training and opportunities for development once in the company take the form periodic seminars and provision for study leaves. Such programs serve a number of functions in the realization of the organization’s objectives. Such programs motivate employees a factor that if implemented effectively results in highly motivated employees who in turn are very productive. Such opportunities make employees feel valued and acknowledged by their employer, they thus revamp their morale by increasing their out put level. Additionally, such programs retain employee relevance while at the organization. Knowledge changes and so are the means of production. To increase productivity, an organization needs to change its means of production and these may at times a change of the entire technology. A change in technology and means of production requires effective understanding of its operation. This therefore makes on job training and continuous development through studies more important. Some managers may prefer hiring newer employees with every new technology. While this may sound more effective, the cost of implementing such a policy may overwhelm the organization. Furthermore, it demoralizes employees thereby decreasing productivity. Commercial organizations exist in societies; this

MGMT338 U3 IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MGMT338 U3 IP - Research Paper Example Performance management of process includes the review and evaluation of processes performance and effectiveness. The use of clear objectives, standards, performance dimensions, and other measures helps to focus companies and also employee’s efforts. This increases productivity as departments within the organization get what needs to be done, and the redundant work is eliminated. This further saves organizational cost and streamlines the entire business operations. There are various tools to choose from which can help in evaluating the performance and developing appraisal systems. (Dinkin, E.,2009) These include ranking systems, three sixty feedback system, forced distribution, management by objectives, competency based performance, graphic rating scale, and behavioural anchored rating scale. There are multiple types of performance management plans that can be used by organizations. These range from strategic plans to the individual operational performance plans. The performanc e management plans that are used in the strategic planning of the firm relate to the long term performance goals and objectives. Hence, performance management plans can be divided into three main categories, the long term performance management plan, short term performance management plan, and micro level or individual level performance management plans. (Gruman, J. A., & Saks, A. M. ,2011) The impact of performance management on employees and the organization is positive in terms of productivity and efficiency. The use of performance management to align the strategic goals and objectives with the employee goals and aims help in streamlining and effectively achieving these strategic goals and objectives. The organizational productivity and performance is enhanced with the use of performance management. It has impacted directly on the company’s gross sales; the performance

Reproductive Technology Essay Example for Free

Reproductive Technology Essay Many people dream of having a house, kids and possible a dog, but sometimes that not something they can achieve on their own. Infertile has become a major issue for women that want kids and is increasing for many males. We also have people from the gay and lesbian community that don’t want to adopt but he children of their own. A growing number of unwed single people want kids with having the relationship or marriage stuff that comes with it. Louis Brown was the first successful test tube baby in 1978, which gave many couples hope of their own. Before this occurred many only had the option of adoption however there is now reproductive technology to help with baby making process. My paper will discuss the pros and cons of reproductive technology. With joys of reproductive technology comes many concerns and issue that have been not deemed moral. How will the child be affected by this? Can the couple or person held all of the procedures and things that need to happen? How much will this cost and is it effect? California has already passed a bill that somewhat takes a little control over the situation. The health department has to give detailed document that explains ART and all the drugs, hormones and high chances of having multiple embryos. The physician is also responsible for telling the couple or people that if they don’t follow the rules set for ART it will be consider a criminal violation. All parties involved need to get an explanation of all the risks involved in any process. There are even considering having a lifetime limit of how many eggs and women can sell and collect monetary values for not exceeding $5000. 00. When it comes to ART California has become proactive with situation and others states or countries should follow their leads. Some feel there should also be screening for women age, race, political affiliation, and sexuality. There are many concerns but so little research on the overall affects it poses.

Zancolli Classification Hand Function Scale

Zancolli Classification Hand Function Scale Zancolli classification hand function scale was formed by Eduardo Zancolli in 2003. He first used this scale in assessing the children with cerebral palsy who underwent reconstructive surgery. In this scale he explained about the grasping and release patterns between the wrist and fingers and hand appearance of the spastic children. He explained the hand appearance in degrees and that, degrees of extension can be measured using goniometer. The responses of the scale was scored as 0, 1, 1a, 2a, 2b and 3. Scoring: 0: Patients can extend the wrist more than 20 0 with the fingers extended. 1a: Patients can extend the wrist between 0 and 20 0 with the fingers extended 1b: Patients can extend the wrist between -200 and -10 with the fingers extended 2a: Patients can extend the wrist with the finger flexed. The fingers can also be extended, but with more than 20 0 of wrist flexion. 2b: Patients cannot extend the wrist with the finger flexed. The fingers can be extended, but with more than 200 of wrist flexion. 3: Extension of the fingers and wrist is impossible. Interpretation: Maximum score is 3 Minimum score is 0. The lowest score indicates no deformity and highest score indicates severe deformity. 3.8.3. Cryotherapy: The term cryotherapy comes from the Greek word cryo means cold and the word therapy means cure. It has been around since the 1880-1890s. The ancient Greeks knew the secrets of wellness Cryotherapy (Greek cryo cold, therapeia cure) is a term used for treatment based on exposing the human body to very low temperatures for brief periods at a time. Cryotherapy came into broad use in the care of sports injuries during the 1970s. Articles Needed: 1. A plinth to position the subject 2. Ice Packs 3. A stopwatch 4. Towels 2 5. Bowl with cotton ball 6. Spirit 7. Goniometer Procedure: Step 1: Explain the procedure to the care giver Step 2: Arrange all the articles Step 3: Prepare the child by removing the clothing from the elbow to fingers Step 4: Level of spasticity and hand function is assessed using Ashworth scale and zancolli classification hand function scale. Step 5: Wrap the ice pack in a wet towel. Step 6: The area is cleaned with spirit cotton and the upper limb of the child was positioned on pillow. Step 7: Place the wrapped pack on the flexor compartment of the forearm Step 8: Leave the pack in place with dry towel Step 9: After 5 minutes assess for any adverse effects like rashes. Step 10: The ice pack was applied for 20 minutes and then removed and dried Step 11: Make the child comfortable Step 12: Replace the articles Step 13: Level of spasticity and hand function is measured after 10 days. 3.9. HYPOTHESES H01: There is no significant difference between experimental group and control group in the level of spasticity and hand function before cryotherapy among children with cerebral palsy. H1: There is a significant difference in the level of spasticity and hand function before and after cryotherapy among children with cerebral palsy of experimental group. H02: There is no significant difference in the level of spasticity and hand function before and after intervention among children with cerebral palsy of control group. H2: There is a significant difference between experimental and control group in the level of spasticity and hand function after cryotherapy among children with cerebral palsy. 3.10. PILOT STUDY Pilot study was conducted to find out feasibility and practicability, validity and reliability of the study. The study was conducted at Aashirwad special school for a period of 6 days. A total of 6 samples were selected for the study in simple random sampling technique. Personal information was collected. A pre assessment was done using Ashworth scale and Zancolli classification hand function scale followed that cryotherapy was administered by the researcher for 30 minutes daily for each child for a period of 6 days. Post test was done on the 6th day. Data collected was tabulated and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. The results showed that, there was a significant improvement in children after cryotherapy. Hence the study was feasible and practicable. 3.11. MAIN STUDY The main study was conducted to meet the objectives of the present study. The data was collected at Families for Children for a period of 30 days. The children were selected according to purposive sampling technique. Total of 30 samples were allocated alternatively into experimental and control group. The researcher explained the procedure to care givers of the children and obtained consent from the care givers. Demographic data was collected first. A pre assessment was done using Ashworth scale and Zancolli classification hand function scale for the children with cerebral palsy. Cryotherapy was administered to the child by the researcher for duration of 20 minutes daily for a period of 10 days to each child in a comfortable environment. The post test was done using the same tool at the end of 10th day of intervention. 3.12. TECHNIQUE OF DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION A frequency table was formulated for all significant information. Descriptive and inferential statistical method was used for data analysis. t test for dependent samples was used to find the significance of cryotherapy. t test for independent samples was used to find out the comparison of post test scores among experimental and control group. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION The effectiveness of cryotherapy prior to passive stretching on the level of spasticity and hand function among children with CP was assessed and analyzed. The participants of the study were children with spastic cerebral palsy. Totally 30 samples were selected for the study and randomly divided into experimental and control group. The intervention selected for the present study was cryotherapy for 20 minutes before passive stretching on the level of spasticity and hand function. The level of spasticity was assessed before and after cryotherapy by using Ashworth scale. Hand function was assessed before and after cryotherapy using Zancolli classification hand function scale. The collected data were grouped and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. SECTION I 4.1. DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES The following demographic variables are distributed in the form of tables and graphs. The demographic variables are age (in years), sex and types of cerebral palsy among children with spastic cerebral palsy. TABLE 4.1. DISTRIBUTION OF DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES AMONG CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY (N=30) Demographic Variables Experimental group Control group No. of participants Percentage (%) No. of participants Percentage (%) Age (years) 6-9 3 20 5 33 9-12 5 33 7 47 12-15 7 47 3 20 Sex Male 5 33 4 27 Female 10 67 11 73 Types of CP Diplegic 5 33 7 47 Quadriplegic 10 67 8 53 The table shows the distribution of demographic variables like age (years), sex, and type of CP that are children with spastic cerebral palsy. The age distribution children with spastic cerebral palsy range from 6-15 years in which 47% of children from experimental group range from 12-15 years and in control group they range from 9-12 years respectively. 20% of children from experimental group and control group range from 6-9 years and 12-15 years respectively. 33% of children from experimental group and control group range from 9-12 years and 6-9 years respectively. In both the group majority of children were female while 33% in experimental group and 27% in control group were male. In both groups, majority of children were quadriplegic while 33% in experimental group and 47% in control group were diplegic. FIG 4.1 AGE DISTRIBUTION OF CHILDREN WITH SPASTIC CEREBRAL PALSY FIG 4.2 GENDER DISTRIBUTION OF CHILDREN WITH SPASTIC CEREBRAL PALSY FIG 4.3 DISTRIBUTION OF TYPES OF CP AMONG CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY SECTION II 4.2. 1. ASSESSMENT ON THE LEVEL OF SPASTICITY AMONG CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY The ashworth scale consists of 5 point scale used to assess the level of spasticity among children with cerebral palsy in both experimental and control group. The assessment was done for both the hands before and after cryotherapy. TABLE 4.2. ASSESSMENT ON THE LEVEL OF SPASTICITY (ON RIGHT HAND) AMONG CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY BEFORE AND AFTER CRYOTHERAPY (N=30) Level of spasticity Experimental group Control group Before After Before After n % n % n % n % No spasticity 1 3 Mild spasticity 1 3 11 37 2 7 2 7 Moderate Spasticity 14 47 3 10 13 43 13 43 The table shows that in experimental group majority of children with spasticity (47%) had moderate spasticity before the intervention whereas majority (37%) had mild spasticity after intervention. In control group there was no changes after intervention. The scores on comparison showed reduction in the level of spasticity among children with cerebral palsy on right hand. TABLE 4.3. ASSESSMENT ON THE LEVEL OF SPASTICITY (ON LEFT HAND) AMONG CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY BEFORE AND AFTER CRYOTHERAPY (N=30) Level of spasticity Experimental group Control group Before After Before After n % n % n % n % No spasticity 1 3 Mild spasticity 1 3 12 40 2 7 6 20 Moderate Spasticity 14 47 3 10 13 43 9 30 The table shows that in experimental group majority of children with spasticity (47%) had moderate spasticity before the intervention whereas majority (40%) had mild spasticity after intervention. In control group majority (43%) had moderate spasticity before intervention and mild difference occurs after intervention. The scores on comparison show reduction in the level of spasticity among the experimental group children with cerebral palsy on left hand. 4.2.2. ASSESSMENT ON HAND FUCTION AMONG CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY The zancolli classification hand function scale used to assess hand function among children with cerebral palsy in both experimental and control group. The assessment was done for both the hands before and after cryotherapy. TABLE 4.4. ASSESSMENT ON HAND FUNCTION AMONG CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY BEFORE AND AFTER CRYOTHERAPY (N = 30) Hand Experimental Group Control Group Before After Before After Mean Mean% Mean Mean% Mean Mean% Mean Mean% Right 3.2 64 1.86 37 2.6 53 2.66 53 Left 3.1 62 1.7 34 2.73 55 2.53 51 Hand function on both right and left hand among children with cerebral palsy of experimental group shows that there was an improvement in hand function after intervention, when compared with the scores before intervention. In control group there was a mild changes in the right and left hand assessment scores after intervention. Thus the score reveals that the experimental group children had positive improvement in the hand function compared to control group children. SECTION III 4.3.1. COMPARISON ON THE LEVEL OF SPASTICITY AND HAND FUNCTION AMONG CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY IN EXPERIMENTAL AND CONTROL GROUP BEFORE INTERVENTION Before intervention, assessment on the level of spasticity and hand function was done among experimental and control group. The obtained scores were analyzed using t test for independent samples, to prove the effectiveness of the intervention. TABLE 4.5. COMPARISON ON THE LEVEL OF SPASTICITY AND HAND FUNCTION AMONG CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY IN EXPERIMENTAL GROUP AND CONTROL GROUP BEFORE INTERVENTION Group Level of spasticity Hand function Right Hand Left hand Right Hand Left hand Mean Mean % Standard Deviation t Mean Mean % Standard Deviation t Mean Mean % Standard Deviation t Mean Mean % Standard Deviation t Experimental 2.26 57 0.5 0.3 2 50 0.51 1.2 3.2 64 0.84 1.6 3.1 45 0.83 0.4 Control 2.3 58 0.3 2.6 57 0.57 2.6 52 1 2.7 54 0.9 (N=30) The above table depicts the obtained t value calculated for the level of spasticity and hand function of experimental group and control group before intervention. The level of spasticity on right hand of children among experimental group the mean percentage score was 57% (0.57) and the control group was 58% (0.3). The level of spasticity on left hand of children among experimental group the mean percentage score was 50% (0.51) and the control group was 57% (0.57). The hand function on right hand of children among experimental group the mean percentage score was 64% (0.84) and the control group was 52% (1.07). The level of spasticity on right hand of children among experimental group the mean percentage score was 45% (0.8) and the control group was 54% (0.9). Thus the mean percentage scores show that there is a positive difference in the level of spasticity and hand function among children with cerebral palsy. t test for independent samples is used to test the significance in mean difference among the experimental and control groups. The calculated t value on the level of spasticity, the right hand score (0.33) and left hand score (1.26) are lesser than the table value at 0.05 level of significance. The calculated t value on hand function, the right hand score (1.62) and left hand score (0.38) are lesser than the table value at 0.05 level of significance. Hence the null hypothesis, There is a no significant difference between experimental group and control group in the level of spasticity and hand function before cryotherapy among children with cerebral palsy is accepted. 4.3.2. ANALYSIS ON THE LEVEL OF SPASTICITY AND HAND FUNCTION AMONG CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY Using ashworth scale, the level of spasticity and hand function among the children with cerebral palsy was assessed in both experimental and control group. The assessment was done for both the hands. The obtained scores are analyzed using t test dependent samples, to test the effectiveness of cryotherapy prior to passive stretching. TABLE 4.6. MEAN, STANDARD DEVIATION, t VALUE ON THE LEVEL OF SPASTICITY AND HAND FUNCTION (ON RIGHT HAND) BEFORE AND AFTER CRYOTHERAPY (N=30) Group Level of spasticity Hand Function Before After Mean difference t Before After Mean difference t Mean Standard deviation Mean Standard deviation Mean Standard deviation Mean Standard deviation Experimental 2.26 0.57 1.13 0.5 1.13 10.41** 3.2 0.8 1.86 0.7 1.33 9.8** Control 2.3 0.3 2.2 0.7 0.13 1.46 2.6 1.07 2.6 1.01 0.06 0.74 ** Significant at 0.01 level The above table reveals the distribution of mean and standard deviation of the obtained scores before and after cryotherapy among experimental group and control group children with cerebral palsy. The level of spasticity among experimental group showed a mean difference of 1.17 while there was mild difference in the control group. Thus the mean score in the level of spasticity shows that there was a positive difference in the reduction of spasticity among children with cerebral palsy of experimental group. Hand function of the experimental group showed a mean difference of 1.33 and the control group mean difference is about 0.06 Thus the mean scores show that there is a positive improvement in hand function among children with cerebral palsy of experimental group. t test was used to test the significance in mean difference. The calculated t value on the level of spasticity in the experimental group was 10.4 which was compared with the table value at 0.01 level of significance. The calculated t value on hand function in the experimental group was 9.8 which was compared with the table value at 0.01 level of significance. The calculated value was higher than the table value. Hence the research hypothesis, There is a significant difference in the level of spasticity and hand function before and after cryotherapy among children with cerebral palsy of experimental group is accepted. The calculated t value in control group on the level of spasticity was 1.46 and hand function was about 0.7 which was found to be lesser than the table value. Therefore the null hypothesis, There is no significant difference in the level of spasticity and hand function before and after cryotherapy among children with cerebral palsy of control group is accepted. Thus the mean value reveals that cryotherapy prior to passive stretching was effective in reducing the level of spasticty and improving hand function among children with cerebral palsy of experimental group. TABLE 4.7. MEAN, STANDARD DEVIATION, t VALUE ON THE LEVEL OF SPASTICITY AND HAND FUNCTION (ON LEFT HAND) BEFORE AND AFTER CRYOTHERAPY (N=30) Group Level of spasticity Hand Function Before After Mean difference t Before After Mean difference t Mean Standard deviation Mean Standard deviation Mean Standard deviation Mean Standard deviation Experimental 2 0.51 1.13 0.34 0.86 9.5** 3.1 0.83 1.7 0.61 1.4 8.57** Control 2.26 0.57 2 0.63 0.2 1.87 2.7 0.97 2.53 0.9 0.2 1.87 ** Significant at 0.01 level The above table reveals the distribution of mean and standard deviation of the obtained scores before and after cryotherapy among experimental group and control group children with cerebral palsy. The level of spasticity among experimental group showed a mean difference of 0.86 while there was mild difference in control group. Thus the mean score in the level of spasticity shows that there was a positive difference in the reduction of spasticity among children with cerebral palsy of experimental group. Hand function of the experimental group showed a mean difference of 1.4 and while there was 0.2 mean difference in the control group. Thus the mean scores show that there is a positive improvement in hand function among children with cerebral palsy of experimental group. t test was used to test the significance in mean difference. The calculated t value on the level of spasticity in the experimental group was 9.5 which was compared with the table value at 0.01 level of significance. The calculated t value on hand function in the experimental group was 8.57 which were compared with the table value at 0.01 level of significance. The calculated value was higher than the table value. Hence the research hypothesis, There is a significant difference in the level of spasticity and hand function before and after cryotherapy among children with cerebral palsy of experimental group is accepted. The calculated t value in control group on the level of spasticity was 1.87 and hand function was about 1.87 which was found to be lesser than the table value. Therefore the null hypothesis, There is no significant difference in the level of spasticity and hand function before and after cryotherapy among children with cerebral palsy is accepted. Thus the mean value reve als that cryotherapy prior to passive stretching was effective in reducing the level of spasticity and improving hand function among children with cerebral palsy of experimental group. FIG 4.4 COMPARISON ON THE LEVEL OF SPASTICITY BEFORE AND AFTER INTERVENTION OF EXPERIMENTAL GROUP AND CONTROL GROUP FIG 4.5. COMPARISON ON HAND FUNCTION BEFORE AND AFTER INTERVENTION OF EXPERIMENTAL GROUP AND CONTROL GROUP 4.3.3. COMPARISON ON THE LEVEL OF SPASTICITY AND HAND FUNCTION AMONG CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY IN EXPERIMENTAL AND CONTROL GROUP AFTER INTERVENTION After intervention, assessment on the level of spasticity and hand function was done among experimental and control group. The obtained scores were comparatively analyzed using t test for independent samples, to prove the effectiveness of the intervention TABLE 4.8. COMPARISON ON THE LEVEL OF SPASTICITY AND HAND FUNCTION AMONG CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY IN EXPERIMENTAL GROUP AND CONTROL GROUP AFTER INTERVENTION Group Level of spasticity Hand function Right Hand Left Hand Right Hand Left Hand Mean Mean % Standard Deviation t Mean Mean % Standard Deviation t Mean Mean % Standard Deviation t Mean Mean % Standard Deviation t Experimental 1.13 28 0.5 4.8** 1.13 28 0.34 4.5** 1.86 37 0.71 2.74* 1.7 34 0.61 3.53* Control 2.2 55 0.7 2 50 0.6 2.6 52 1 2.5 51 0.9 * Significant at 0.05 level The above table depicts the obtained t value calculated for the level of spasticity and hand function of experimental group and control group after intervention. The level of spasticity on right hand of children among experimental group the mean percentage score was 28% (0.5) and the control group was 55% (0.7). The level of spasticity on left hand of children among experimental group the mean percentage score was 28% (0.34) and the control group was 50% (0.6). The hand function on right hand of children among experimental group the mean percentage score was 37% (0.71) and the control group was 52% (1). The hand function on left hand of children among experimental group the mean percentage score was 34% (0.6) and the control group was 51% (0.9). Thus the mean percentage scores show that there is a positive difference in the level of spasticity and hand function among children with cerebral palsy. t test for independent samples is used to test the significance in mean difference among the experimental and control groups. The calculated t value on the level of spasticity, the right hand score (4.87) and left hand score (4.5) are higher than the table value at 0.01 level of significance. The calculated t value on hand function, the right hand score (2.74) and left hand score (3.53) are higher than the table value at 0.05 level of significance. Hence the hypothesis, There is a significant difference between experimental group and control group in the level of spasticity and hand function after cryotherapy among children with cerebral palsy is accepted. This proves that, cryotherapy prior to passive stretching has its influence in reduction of spasticity and improvement in hand function. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The study was conducted at Families for Children, Coimbatore, with the focus on determining the effectiveness of cryotherapy prior to passive stretching on the level of spasticity and hand function among children with cerebral palsy. The samples of the study were 30 children with spastic cerebral palsy at Families for Children, and they were randomly allocated to experimental and control group. Cryotherapy was applied prior to passive stretching, to reduce the level of spasticity and improve hand function. To assess the level of spasticity and hand function, the researcher used Ashworth Scale and Zancolli classification hand function scale. The intervention was provided for 20 minutes prior to passive stretching for 10 days. The pretest score and post test scores were compared. The findings are discussed under the following headings. 5.1. FINDINGS RELATED TO DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLE 5.1.1. Age Distribution In the present study, out of 30 samples, 15 children were randomly assigned to experimental group and 15 children were assigned to control group. Age distribution in experimental group revealed that, majority of children with spastic cerebral palsy (47 %) were between 12-15 years of age, 33% were between 9-12 years and 20 % were between 6-9 years. Age distribution in control group revealed that, majority of children (47 %) were between 9-12 years, 33% were between 6-9 years and 20% were between 12-15 years. Boyd RN (2012) conducted an interventional study by providing progressive resistance training for CP children (between the age group of 6-15 years) who are ambulatory in order to improve muscle strength. The study findings showed improvement in muscle strength though there was no change in the walking ability. 5.1.2. Gender Distribution Gender distribution of children showed that, majority of children was females in both experimental (67 %) and control (73 %) group. A study on effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation over cryotherapy along with passive stretching as a common protocol on improving hand function in patients with spastic cerebral palsy by Devidas S Patil (2011) showed that, improvement of hand function was seen in both male and female children. 5.1.3. Type of Cerebral palsy Assessment on the type of cerebral palsy showed that, majority of children were quadriplegic in both experimental (67 %) and control (53%) group. A study on efficacy of cold therapy on spasticity and hand function in children with cerebral palsy by Gehan et al.,(2010) revealed that, cryotherapy was effective in reducing spasticity and improving hand function in both diplegic and quadriplegic children. 5.2. ASSESSMENT OF LEVEL OF SPASTICITY AND HAND FUNCTION AMONG CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY The children with the diagnosis of mild and moderate spastic cerebral palsy were selected for the study. The level of spasticity was measured using Ashworth scale. The tool is a 5 point scale in which the researcher extends the limb from the maximal flexion to maximal extension until the soft resistance is felt. The child limb moved through its full range of motion with one second by counting one thousand and one. The level of resistance felt is scored using 5 point scale. Hand function was assessed using Zancolli classification hand function scale in which the researcher assesses the degree of flexion and extension in the wrist and finger flexors by using goniometer. The degree of responses was scored as 0, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3. Akinbo et. al., (2007) conducted a similar study on effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and cryotherapy on spasticity and hand function. A quasi experimental pretest posttest control design was adopted in the study with sample size of 20. The level of spasticity was assessed using Ashworth scale in which the patient limb was extended from the maximal flexion to maximal extension until the soft resistance is felt. Hand function was assessed using zancolli classification hand function scale. The degree of flexion and extension was assessed using goniometer. 5.3. ADMINISTER CRYOTHERAPY PRIOR TO PASSIVE STRETCHING AMONG CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY After assessing the level of spasticity and hand function, Cryotherapy was administered prior to passive stretching. The child is placed in a supine position with upper limb supported on a pillow. The area is cleansed with spirit and cotton. The wrapped ice pack is placed on the flexor compartment of the forearm for 20 minutes and then dried. Then the child had passive st

Kurtzs Last Words Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad presents the character of Kurtz as a man who is seen differently by all who know him depending on their individual experiences with him. His cousin knew him as a man with great musical talent, others knew him as a great leader, and his â€Å"Intended† fiance knew him as an admirable humanitarian; but all of these knew him to be a remarkable genius. When the narrator, Marlow, first hears of him, he is told that Kurtz is known as a great leader destined to hold high positions and fame. However, as he travels the river, he also learns that Kurtz has become insane during his time in the African jungle. After Marlow finally comes into contact with him, he discovers that Kurtz has become a god among the natives and has been brutally collecting the coveted ivory. Marlow finally convinces the deathly ill man to return to the ship where he finally dies. Upon his death, Kurtz’s facial expression causes Marlow to feel as tho ugh he may be seeing his entire life passing just before it ends; and finally, he murmurs his final words â€Å"The horror! The horror!† (Conrad, p. 64).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although these last words seem full of meaning, they can be interpreted as being so vague that they are devoid of any specific rationalization. In spite of this, they have several explanations, mainly relating to his life and the choices he made. As Kurtz succinctly verbalizes the terrible visions â€Å"of ruthless power, of craven ter...

Free Trade and Employment :: Essays Papers

Free Trade and Employment There is an ongoing argument about whether or not free trade has an affect on employment. For hundreds of years there have been people who stand on both sides of the fence of this issue. As with most debates, each side presents facts that are presented in a certain light that may cause them to tell a story that may be different than what the actual numbers mean. Those who oppose free trade will say that competition with imports will destroy jobs for people working in those particular industries. While those who support free trade will defend their position by arguing that the increase in exports will instead create jobs, and that competition will help to drive prices down. While both positions tell stories that are true, they fail to accept that for the most part, any effects tend to cancel each other out and employment levels remain stable and level (Irwin Chapter 3). The issue of free trade is both complex and important enough that each side deserves a closer look, so we can see both sides together and get a feeling for what is really happening. After all, just because free trade may not have a substantial effect on employment alone, that is not necessarily true for the economy as a whole. Any industry that competes with a foreign good or service will inevitably have to drop the price of its product in order to stay competitive in an international market. Trade opponents admit that while this price drop will lead to more efficient production, it may also lead to lower real wages, and less employment in that particular industry or company. This is the primary argument for those who suggest that imports will destroy jobs, and it is not always false, but it is not always true either. Foreign competition can destroy jobs, because the people that get displaced cannot simply just go work for the competitor. In addition, it takes both time and money to retrain for another field of work; and most people, especially those who are closer to the retirement age, would rather spend that time looking for another job in the same or similar industry instead of educating themselves for a new line of work. Those who are fortunate enough to keep their jobs must settle for lower wag es; or at least the same wages that are now comparatively lower related to production than they were before production efficiency increased.

Letter to Simon (Class Discussion)

Dear Simon, I would personally like to welcome you to our country. To begin with, the basic primary functions of an operating system (OS) is managing resources such as coordinating the hard drive, internal memory, processor, etc. to make your computer run more smoothly. The operating system also acts as a User Interface with the application Microsoft Office, with the trial version already installed onto your computer. Finally, running applications meaning running all the application software such as Microsoft Word in Microsoft Office which we are going to discuss. The main three features of Microsoft Office that I am going to discuss with you are spelling and grammar check feature, the status bar feature, and the Word Help feature. These features will be most helpful I believe with your experience as a student and a worker. The first we will discuss will be the spelling and grammar check feature. You will be able to use this feature to correct misspelled words and incorrect grammar in your document. This is most helpful when typing an essay for school and creating a document for the office such as a business proposal. As you type, Word automatically checks your typing for spelling and grammar errors. When you misspell a word or use incorrect grammar, a red (for the misspelling) and a green (for incorrect grammar) wavy underline will appear underneath the errors. You can go to the incorrect grammar or misspelled word and right click on the word to see the suggestions that Word will give you to put in place of the incorrect word and/or grammar. The next feature we will discuss is the status bar. It is located at the bottom of the current document window that you are creating just above the Windows task bar. It presents information about the document such as the progress of current tasks. It also displays how many pages in the document and on which page you are currently on. It also displays how many words you have typed which will be very helpful in the case that you may have to write a report with let us say 500 words in it. It also displays your spelling and grammar check icon to let you know if you have any errors. A blue check displayed on the icon means you do not currently have any errors, while a ed ‘x’ mark means you have an error somewhere in your document, whether it be incorrect grammar or a misspelled word. Also, another feature of Microsoft Word, that I will include for you, that you may find useful is the templates. A template is a starting point that is pre-set, all that is needed done by the operator, which is you, is to fill in the blanks or replace pre-written supplements. Examples of templates include business letters, resumes, academic letters, personal letters, statements, etc. You can view your templates by clicking on the Office Button, then select New, and click on installed templates. The last feature we will discuss is the Word Help feature. It is very useful especially when you are new to Microsoft Word. Any time you are in the process of using Word, it does not matter if you are in the middle of a paragraph, page, or sentence, you can access Word Help to find answers to any of your questions. It responds with a list of search results with different links from many sources that you can click on to display your desired answer. It will minimize your time learning how to use Word and will reduce your frustrations. You can access it by clicking the Microsoft Office Word Help button near the upper right corner of your Word window displayed as a blue circle with a white question mark in the middle. A specific software application that I have found useful on my computer is Microsoft Office Excel. I have found it useful because I can keep track of my financial records, I can make a spreadsheet of how much money I currently have, how much I have spent, what I have spent that money for, and how much money I have remaining. I have also actually made a â€Å"potty chart† for my three-year-old daughter that every time she uses her ‘potty’ on any given day, she receives a sticker on that chart. I have also made chore charts for my household because I have a couple of friends staying with me until they get on their feet. We rotate the chores every week. Finally, the features of my current course website, E-College, that will help me to achieve success in my academic pursuits are: the main Course Home page where I can keep track of new announcements that my professor has posted; he Grade Book tab where I can check to see what my current grade is and the grades I have made on different assignments; and the email tab that lets me keep in touch with my instructor of any personal matters or any questions I may have that I do not want to be shared publicly. I can also keep in touch with my fellow classmates concerning any assignments that I may not understand and I will be able to ask them for help. Good luck with everything. I hope you do very well in your studies and profession. Your friend, Staci N. Phillips

In what ways television affects Essay

AIM: I propose to find out what children say about how television affects their play. Socialisation is a very important concept in sociology and the role of the mass media is highly debateable. Many sociologists believe that media effects start by setting out an overall relationship between media and its audience. They are often called models of media effects. I will interview the children these interviews will be unstructured. The children will be interviewed separately. Gender will be a comparison I look at to and whether the gender affects whom the children imitate. CONTEXTS AND CONCEPTS: The study of Bandura Ross and Ross uses the term of social learning theory to assert that children copy behaviour another example of this is copycat violence found in Hagell & Newburn’s study. In my research will ask the children whether they say they act violently due to the violent content they may have viewed and whether they have chosen to imitate these programs. Hagell & Newburn’s study compared young offenders viewing behaviour with non-offending teenagers. They found the differences were few between the two groups and what they watched, with hardly any having seen the films that were causing the concern at that time. A few members of either group had an interest in a violent output. The young offenders had less access to different media types. Other factors instead of media could have been causing the differences in their behaviour. The other context being analysed is Bandura Ross Ross who looked at whether children learnt behaviour through observation. This is the idea of the social learning theory. Children were made to watch a violent model be aggressive towards a five-foot ‘bobo’ doll. Later the children were given an aggressive arousal and then taken to another room where they were monitored as to how they reacted towards the ‘bobo’ doll, after seeing a model do this. The different concepts are is copycat violence this is violence that occurs as a result of copying what is seen in the media. Catharsis another theory is the process where tension is relieved, for example violence on screen that provides a safe outlet for people’s violent inclination. The final concept is desensitisation some theorists argue that the constant media diet of violence makes them less sensitive to real human suffering. These concepts tie in with the idea children are passive sociologists believe this, children respond easily to everything. This is the reason for watershed on T. V at 9pm because what comes on television isn’t suitable enough for children and there is a fear that the children will imitate this behaviour. (337) MAIN RESEARCH METHOD AND REASONS: The method I will be using is by interviewing the children by asking them to explain the reason for their behaviour. The questions I will ask the children will be questions not only requiring the answers that I need but there will be a series of distracting questions so the children will not know the aim of the questions being asked. Interviews are an advantage because it is better to gather all the information needed for an interview because you get to understand what the interviewee’s true opinions are. Interviews are flexible and can be used in different ways; also the ethical advantage is consent of the participants the theoretical advantage is that at applies to the law of interpretivists (Action theory). You can use empathy to understand their opinions in depth; these methods generate higher levels of validity of these results. They give a general understanding of the problem, there is less pressure on the interviewee and their answers are more spontaneous. Important concepts are uncovered about the information that will help me conclude whether the children imitate what they watch. When interviewing the children I will be asking them which programs they imitate and this will give me an insight into whether there is a pattern with what they watch. The sample I will be using for the interviews are of children from the ages of five to ten years old, because at this stage of childhood where television will be their main interest and there is a large variety if television for children of these ages also this is the age children are most likely to be influenced by the media. The genders of the children being used are varied so I will be using five boys and five girls. The children all come from the Borough of Newham of East London. It is easier for me if the children are living in the same borough there will be an easier access to these children and it will be easier for me and the children. The sample of the children I will be studying is opportunity sampling as the sample depends on whether the adults agree to their children being in the sample. The consent for whether the child will participate will be the decision of the adults. In Bandura’s study he gave the children an aggressive arousal and in this study will not do this as the aggressive arousal means that the children could have acted violently because of the arousal given and not because they were imitating the models behaviour. (425) POTNETIAL PROBLEMS The interviews of the amount of children I will be looking at can be very time consuming. With this study I need to be aware that the sample isn’t appropriate enough to apply to the whole population because all the children are from the same background and all from a similar ethical background and there may be a pattern in their behaviour. The main practical issue is whether the adults will allow their children to take part in the study. These types of questionnaires are basically a conversation dominates by the interviewer. These unstructured interviews may also go off the initial idea of what is being interviewed. Also with the amount of children I will be looking at and the sample of children I will be looking at there will be a lot of activity so it may be difficult to record all of their behaviour. These interviews are more difficult to analyse, and there are less details provided on the concept being asked. Ethical problems are mental harm to the children if they don’t like the questions being asked of them. Right to withdraw will be an ethical issue also because the children may not feel they have the right to leave and stop asking the questions. The final ethical issue is informed consent, which will be coming from the child and not the parents. The children should be able to make the decision but when a child is involved the parents have the consent. Time consumption is a practical issue through finding time to interview ten children. Being able to get the children to understand the question and also to cooperate may be difficult. Likewise another ethical issue is the children may not understand the debriefing. If they don’t understand the debriefing there will be an issue of this ethical guideline and the parents will also have to also be debriefed too.

American Education Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

American Education - Assignment Example Eastern education is influenced more by spirituality and religion. On the other hand, Native American’s education is more focused on re-educating the students in the Western school of thought. The dominating culture of the West has been a primary focus on American’s education, thus, the culture of the natives are discouraged since the dominant culture believes that their education and knowledge is better or more inclined to the truth than the traditional ways of the natives. Though, there have been programs to re-establish the traditional concepts and schools of thought of the native, more inclined to a balance of nature and self (Demmert, 1994). Another striking difference in the education system of the West and the East is the structure. Eastern education is more teacher-centered, wherein the teacher has the ultimate authority in a classroom setting. Western education, on the other hand, is more student-centered and focus on class participation and interaction. Teacher-centered education gives high expectations and student-centered is more focused on the values that are imparted to its students (LePage and Sockett, 2002). This basically shows that a student-centered setting is more effective in the Western education since it is more focused on individualism and reason. However, the Eastern educational system has learned to strike a balance of these two in order to produce better and more productive

The Components of the Multi-Media Employment Market Essay

The Components of the Multi-Media Employment Market - Essay Example The researcher states that many people today believe, that multi-media will fundamentally change the way people learn, communicate and entertain themselves. This can be done because people can now choose and customise how and what information they receive and when it is received. Unlike linear media like film and video multi-media users can interact and direct the sequence, speed and other aspects of the presentation†. For this especially skilled professionals have specific knowledge and skills. This essay aims to explore what actually multi-media is in the context of being an avenue of employment for millions on a global scale. It reports the characteristics of the employment market in this fast-growing sector of the global economy. It states the types of jobs that are universally accepted as being a part of the multi-media ambit and the professional and personal skills and requirements that are necessary to compete successfully. The researcher of this essay also explores the kinds of work that have to be successfully undertaken by incumbents in the various job profiles within multi-media. It is also mentioned that multi-media is being increasingly used in other devices today, such as mobile phones and kiosks. It is also being used pervasively in advertising products through electronic media. In conclusion, the researcher states that the scope for employment in multi-media is thus increasing at a pace, which is more than in many other innovative sector of industry worldwide.